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Three-Treatment Estimator · 2026

Prediction Market Tax Calculator — Kalshi, Polymarket & Robinhood Events

The IRS hasn't said how event contracts are taxed — so an honest calculator shows a range, not one number. Compare short-term capital, Section 1256 60/40, and gambling treatment with the new 90% loss cap, side by side, federal + state.

3 Treatments Side-by-SideOBBBA 90% Loss RulePhantom-Income CheckState Estimates
HomeToolsPrediction Market Tax Calculator
By the TraderTax Editorial Team · 13 min read · Last updated · Sourced from the Internal Revenue Code, the OBBBA statute (P.L. 119-21 §70114), REG-113229-25, and each platform's own tax documentation
Key Takeaways — Prediction Market Taxes 2026
Regulatory and tax status as of July 2026 — this area is evolving; we update this page as guidance lands. Updated July 25, 2026 · By the TraderTax Editorial Team · Estimates only, not personalized tax advice.
Your Prediction Market Numbers
Doesn't change the math — sports-style contracts are generally viewed as carrying the highest gambling-recharacterization risk, so we flag it.
Settled + sold positions, after fees. Enter a negative number for a net loss. Deposits minus withdrawals is not the taxable amount.
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$
$
Gross wins and losses only matter for the gambling branch — but they matter a lot there. If left blank, we estimate from your net number, which understates the 90%-rule effect.
Doesn't change the tax math — it changes how many rows Form 8949 needs under capital treatment.
Stock / options / futures gains. Under capital treatment these typically net with prediction-market results.
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For estimates only — every situation varies. Three treatments are plausible because the IRS hasn't issued tax guidance on event contracts; results are a range, not advice.

Why does this calculator show three answers instead of one?

Because the IRS and Treasury have issued no formal tax guidance on prediction-market event contracts as of July 2026 — no ruling, notice, regulation, or published private letter ruling to our knowledge, and nothing on the 2025–2026 Priority Guidance Plan. That silence is specific to tax: other federal regulators have been active, with the CFTC's June 2026 proposed rulemaking on prediction markets and public-interest determinations out for comment into late July. The nearest date worth watching on the tax side is the 2026–2027 Priority Guidance Plan, typically released around September or October. Practitioners openly disagree, and two identical traders can legally file differently. An honest estimate is therefore a range across the plausible treatments, not a single number.

Short-Term Capital (Common Default)
Many practitioners treat each contract as a capital asset: gains and losses go on Form 8949 and Schedule D, net against other capital gains, with a $3,000/yr net-loss allowance and indefinite carryforward.
Section 1256 60/40 (Aggressive)
Some practitioners argue CFTC-listed contracts qualify for 60% long-term / 40% short-term treatment on Form 6781. The counterargument: the CFTC classifies event contracts as swaps, and the tax code excludes swaps from §1256. Many who file this way recommend Form 8275 disclosure.
Gambling — The Worst 2026 Outcome
If event contracts were treated as wagering — a question the IRS hasn't answered — gross winnings hit income, and 2026's OBBBA rules cap deductible losses at 90%, itemizers only, no carryforward. Standard-deduction filers would get zero loss offset. The regulations implementing the cap are themselves still in proposed form as of July 2026.
No Form ≠ No Tax
Income is typically taxable under IRC §61 whether or not a 1099 arrives — at settlement or sale, not at withdrawal. "Deposited $5,000, withdrew $7,000" is not a $2,000 gain; basis is what was paid for contracts, plus fees.

The practitioner playbook under uncertainty: pick one characterization, apply it consistently year over year, document the reasoning, and keep complete records — trade history, dates, contract IDs, amounts, net P&L. Every situation varies; a CPA helps choose a defensible position.

What does the treatment spread look like in dollars?

Illustration: a trader with $30,000 of gross wins and $20,000 of gross losses — $10,000 of real profit — assuming a 24% federal bracket and a 15% long-term rate. The same trades produce federal estimates from $1,860 to $7,200 depending on characterization and an itemizing checkbox. That spread is the whole story of prediction-market taxes in 2026.

TreatmentTaxable AmountFederal Est.Effective Rate on Profit
§1256 60/40 (Form 6781)$10,000 split 60/40$1,86018.6%
Short-term capital (Form 8949)$10,000$2,40024%
Gambling — itemizer (90% cap)$12,000$2,88028.8%
Gambling — standard deduction$30,000 (gross)$7,20072%

Under the gambling-itemizer row, the deduction is limited to the lesser of 90% of losses and total winnings: $30,000 − min(0.9 × $20,000, $30,000) = $12,000 taxable — the 90% haircut alone costs $480 here, and itemizing can mean giving up the standard deduction. A break-even trader ($150K wins / $150K losses) typically nets to $0 under capital or 60/40 treatment, but could face roughly $15,000 of phantom income as a gambling-itemizer — and tax on the full gross as a standard-deduction filer. Illustrative arithmetic at assumed rates, not personalized advice — every situation varies.

Which prediction market platforms send tax forms?

Generally none issue a comprehensive trade-level 1099 for event-contract profit and loss, based on current platform documentation. Some issue narrower forms — interest, rewards, or digital-asset proceeds — but those don't cover the contracts themselves, and practices vary, third-party descriptions conflict, and policies can change year to year. Checking your own account's tax section, and keeping your own records regardless, is the pattern most practitioners suggest.

PlatformStatusTypical Tax PaperworkExtra Wrinkle
KalshiCFTC-designated exchange since 2020Help center describes interest (1099-INT, generally at $10+ of interest) and referral/reward (1099-MISC) forms, plus limited digital-asset reporting — a narrow 1099-B for proceeds on certain broker/crypto-transfer transactions and, beginning with tax year 2025, Form 1099-DA issued through Kalshi's crypto partner Zero Hash. None of those covers event-contract trades. Some third-party guides describe a broad 1099-B once gross proceeds top $600; Kalshi's current help documentation doesn't appear to support one — check your account's tax section.Transaction CSV is widely reported to store values in cents — a common error overstates P&L 100x. Per Kalshi's help documentation, platform P&L is FIFO, updated monthly, already includes fees, and is explicitly not tax advice. This row reflects a direct Kalshi account; contracts routed through a broker follow that broker's reporting choice, not Kalshi's.
Polymarket (offshore)USDC on Polygon; geoblocked for US IPs 2022–2025No tax forms at all.Each trade typically involves a USDC digital-asset disposal on top of the position itself — and the 1040 digital-asset question typically applies.
Polymarket USCFTC-designated exchange, launched Dec 2025No confirmed 1099 policy as of July 2026 — genuinely open.USD-settled with full KYC — no crypto layer, unlike the offshore platform.
Robinhood EventsFCM routing to CFTC exchangesPer Robinhood's own support page: no 1099 for event contracts — an "Event Contracts Annual Statement" that is explicitly not a tax form.Common myth: assuming the consolidated 1099-B covers event contracts. Robinhood's own page says the trades aren't reported to the IRS.

For the 2025 tax year, platform practices varied and may change for 2026 — this table reflects platform documentation as of July 2026. A platform's tax form (or lack of one) reflects the platform's reporting choice, not an IRS determination of your treatment. And OBBBA raised the general 1099-MISC/NEC reporting threshold from $600 for payments through 2025 to $2,000 for payments made in 2026 — indexed for inflation from 2027 — so many profitable traders will get no form at all while still owing tax.

Do state taxes change the answer?

Often, and sometimes more than the federal number does. Most states start from federal adjusted gross income, so the federal characterization mechanically drives the state result. Under capital or 60/40 treatment the netting happens inside AGI. Under a gambling characterization, gross winnings land in AGI and the loss deduction sits below the line — where roughly ten states don't allow it at all.

Nine States With No Income Tax
Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington, and Wyoming typically add nothing under any characterization. Washington carries an asterisk — its 7% capital-gains excise reaches only long-term gains above a high threshold, and event contracts are almost always held under a year.
The Ten Toughest States
Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Louisiana, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin generally allow no gambling-loss deduction. Under that characterization the state slice would run on gross winnings — Illinois' flat 4.95% on federal AGI is the cleanest example. Individual state rules vary and change; a CPA confirms yours.
New Jersey, The Friendliest Case
New Jersey has long allowed same-year netting of gambling gains and losses without itemizing (Technical Bulletin TB-20-R), with the result floored at zero and no carryforward — and it did not adopt the federal 90% cap. Whether it recognizes the federal 60/40 split for state purposes is a separate question.
What The States Have Actually Done
No state revenue agency has issued individual income-tax guidance on prediction-market winnings as of July 2026. Two states have taxed the operators: North Carolina's SB 257 (signed July 7, 2026) imposes 6% on operators' net trading-fee revenue apportioned to NC residents, and Kentucky's HB 757 (April 2026) a 14.25% excise — both effective January 1, 2027. Roughly 15 states considered prediction-market bills in 2026.

Those two state taxes are excises on the platforms, not income taxes a trader files — they don't change what any individual owes, though operator costs can reach traders indirectly through fees. The state figures in the calculator are simplified modeling approximations for the states listed, not statements of any state's law; other states vary widely. Every situation varies.

Trade on these platforms? Visit kalshi.com or polymarket.com for account statements and data exports — the raw material for accurate reporting.

Frequently Asked Questions

How much tax could I owe on $5,000 of Kalshi profit?

It typically depends on which treatment applies — a question the IRS hasn't settled. Assuming a 24% bracket: roughly $930 under a Section 1256 60/40 approach, about $1,200 as short-term capital gain, and potentially more under gambling treatment depending on gross wins, gross losses, and whether the trader itemizes. Every situation varies.

Do I have to pay taxes on Kalshi or Polymarket winnings?

Typically yes. Prediction-market profits are taxable income under IRC §61 regardless of whether any tax form arrives. The taxable event is generally settlement or sale of a contract — not withdrawal — so winnings left sitting in an account are still typically reportable for that year.

Does Kalshi, Polymarket, or Robinhood report my event-contract trades to the IRS?

Generally not at the trade level, based on current platform documentation. Robinhood's own support page says event-contract trades aren't reported to the IRS; offshore Polymarket issues no forms; Kalshi's help center describes interest, referral, and limited digital-asset forms — including a narrow 1099-B and, from tax year 2025, Form 1099-DA through its crypto partner — rather than a comprehensive trade-level 1099 for event contracts. Third-party descriptions conflict, so checking your own account's tax section is worth it. The income is taxable regardless.

Are Kalshi contracts Section 1256 contracts with the 60/40 rule?

Unsettled. Some practitioners take that position because Kalshi is a CFTC-designated exchange, but the CFTC classifies event contracts as swaps — and the tax code excludes swaps from Section 1256. Practitioners who file 60/40 often recommend disclosure on Form 8275. Kalshi itself takes no position on tax characterization. More background: our full Kalshi taxes guide.

What is the new 90% gambling-loss rule — and does it apply to prediction markets?

The OBBBA capped the wagering-loss deduction at 90% of losses (and at gains) starting tax year 2026 — itemizers only, no carryforward. Whether it reaches prediction markets depends on whether event contracts count as "wagering," which is exactly the question the IRS hasn't answered. Sports-style contracts typically carry the highest recharacterization risk. The implementing regulations remain proposed (REG-113229-25) — a public hearing was held July 17, 2026, where the cap's phantom-income effect drew criticism from a member of Congress, industry groups, CPAs, and professional gamblers — and repeal attempts haven't advanced, so the cap stands for 2026.

Can I owe taxes in a year where I broke even?

Under a gambling characterization, typically yes. A trader with $100,000 of wins and $100,000 of losses could deduct only $90,000 if itemizing — leaving $10,000 of "phantom income" — and a standard-deduction filer would typically get no loss offset at all. Capital or 60/40 treatment nets the same year to zero.

Can I deduct prediction-market losses?

It depends on the characterization. Under capital treatment, losses typically net against other capital gains, with up to $3,000 per year against ordinary income and indefinite carryforward. Under gambling treatment, losses are deductible only when itemizing, only up to winnings, only at 90% for 2026 — and unused amounts never carry forward.

Do I need quarterly estimated taxes on prediction-market winnings?

Often, for profitable traders. No prediction-market platform withholds tax, so traders expecting to owe $1,000 or more typically make quarterly estimated payments, often using the 100%/110% prior-year safe harbor. Many set aside a percentage of each winning settlement as it happens. A CPA can size the payments for a specific situation.

Where These Rules Live — Primary Sources

Each treatment this calculator models lands on a real IRS form with real instructions. Worth stating plainly: none of the IRS pages below mentions prediction markets or event contracts. They're the underlying forms and topics practitioners map event-contract activity onto — which is exactly why the characterization question matters so much.

  • IRS — About Form 8949 and Schedule D (Form 1040). Where capital treatment reports, position by position. Box C/F covers transactions not reported on a 1099-B — which describes most event-contract activity.
  • IRS — About Form 6781, Gains and Losses From Section 1256 Contracts and Straddles, alongside About Form 8275, Disclosure Statement. The 60/40 path, plus the disclosure practitioners who take that generally-aggressive position commonly pair with it.
  • IRS — Topic No. 419, Gambling Income and Losses. The baseline framework if event contracts were ever characterized as wagering. Note it describes the pre-2026 rules in places — the 90% limit applies to tax years beginning after December 31, 2025.
  • IRS — About Schedule 1 (Form 1040). Line 8z is where the conservative ordinary-income approach reports; gambling-characterization winnings would instead go on line 8b.
  • IRS — Publication 550, Investment Income and Expenses. Capital-asset, basis, holding-period, straddle, and wash-sale mechanics.
  • IRS — About Form 1040-ES, Estimated Tax for Individuals. Relevant because no prediction-market platform appears to withhold.

Statutory backbone, for anyone reading further: IRC §61 (gross income), §1221 and §1234A (capital assets and terminations of rights), §1256 including the §1256(b)(2)(B) swap exclusion, and §165(d) as amended by OBBBA §70114 (P.L. 119-21). The implementing regulations for the 90% cap and the new §6041(h) reporting threshold are proposed at REG-113229-25. Informational only, not personalized tax advice.

The Fine Print — Read Before Relying on Any Number
  1. The IRS and Treasury have issued no formal tax guidance on prediction-market event contracts — no ruling, notice, regulation, or published private letter ruling to our knowledge as of July 2026 — so three treatments are plausible; results are a range, not advice.
  2. The 90% gambling-loss limit is new for tax year 2026, and it only reaches prediction markets if event contracts are characterized as wagering — an open question. The implementing regulations (REG-113229-25, proposed April 17, 2026) are still proposed: comments closed June 16, 2026, a public hearing was held July 17, 2026, and no final rule had landed as of late July 2026. Repeal attempts haven't advanced either — the FAIR BET Act was blocked in the House Rules Committee in January 2026 and a Senate unanimous-consent attempt on the FULL HOUSE Act was blocked — so the cap stands for 2026. Figures reflect the prevailing reading of the law as of July 2026.
  3. Your platform's tax form (or lack of one) reflects the platform's reporting choice, not an IRS determination of your treatment.
  4. Estimates assume positions closed or settled in 2026; hedged or offsetting positions (§1092 straddle questions) need a CPA.
  5. State estimates are simplified approximations for the states listed; other states vary widely — many allow no gambling-loss deduction at all.
  6. No platform withholds tax; quarterly estimated payments may be required. Estimates also ignore the 3.8% net investment income tax that can apply above roughly $200K single / $250K joint under capital or 60/40 treatment, and the AGI-inflation side effects of gross-winnings reporting.
  7. For estimates only — every situation varies. To get your actual filing handled, sign up to get matched with a CPA who specializes in trader and prediction-market taxation.
Typical Situation — Every Trader Varies

The spread between treatments is the reason to talk to a CPA

For most prediction-market traders, the calculator's range — not any single row — is the honest answer, because the characterization question is genuinely unsettled. A CPA who works with traders can help pick one defensible position, apply it consistently, and document it. The tools below give a ballpark; a CPA confirms what actually applies.

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Prefer to read first? The prediction market taxes hub walks the full characterization debate. Curious how we handle your data before you upload anything? See our security page.

Prediction Market Tax Guides

Trade on more than one platform? Each one structures settlement and tax paperwork differently, so the practical mechanics vary even when the underlying characterization question is identical. Every platform named on this page has its own guide:

Related Trader Tax Guides

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